Computer Symbols Art
Theoretical approaches to the art of learning
Theoretical approaches to the art of learning
"Every child is an artist. The problem is learn how to remain one through our educational experience for our children as well as Picasso could keep his mind and remain artists for the rest of their lives. Art is "the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments or experiences that can be shared with others, "according to the Britannica Online. In the broadest sense, art is the only issue that has remained closest to the older meaning of America, which could be translated as "skill" or "artisanal" and an Indo-European root meaning "arrangement" or "fix". The purpose of this paper is to explore the applications of eight to ten theories and used to teach art education, explaining how the information contained within the matrix created, could be transferred and implemented arts education program, while evaluation of the pros and cons of each theory the arts.
Theories
In the 21st century the education system in the United States of America is in a process of change in that is causing the merger and integration of new curricula, theories and programs in the system. All programs, however, the techniques necessary for teacher to interact with students has also changed from writing to write, books to computers, whiteboards whiteboard, lecturing on teamwork.
Philosopher and educator John Dewey suggests that Americans have to choose between education in terms of society and society in terms of education. . . . Democracy demands the latest and requires citizens to develop the ability to interpret, understand and analyze the knowledge and to communicate information effectively, viable or exactly what the truth and purpose of education (p. 4). This may be due to a theory DeMarrais and LeCompte (1999) is the "way of organizing and explain the world we live in. "(p. 3). Throughout history, our social and cultural beliefs have been influencing the educational system with a number of theories social, including but not limited to functionalism, Marxism, interpretivism, and postmodernism, which have also influenced the art. Geertz (1998) states that "these approaches place great importance on the presentation of "multiple voices" of all participants – especially less powerful participants, including women, members minority groups, and students "(DeMarrais and LeCompte, 1999, p. 38). In other words, art education, science education, mathematics, and knowledge in general, are important for all individuals, regardless of sex, age, ethnicity or social status. Learning theories used in in schools today are not limited to social learning theory, behaviorism, cognitive dissonance, the theory of contiguity, cooperative learning, Gardner, Piaget, is learning, Skinner, Vygotsky, Weiner and Constructivism, among others.
Interpretive theory
The theory interpretive planning school requires a systematic plan that has determined the objectives or standards such as the NCLB Act of 2001, as the rules and procedures written, the hierarchy of authority, the fair treatment of students, recruitment, have been characterized and progress based on formal credentials of teachers. The role of our schools give students the tools they need in the future would be able to make money, have the technology and have the power to teach others what they need for the future make it available to every student, teacher, and staff. This student believes that the U.S. education system is trying to build ideal educational system with the application of Bush of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
Under this law, all children of all racial, economic, demographics and in all the nation's public schools must improve their scores on standardized tests of math and science. According to King-Sears (2005), the phrase "highly qualified teacher" used to "say those who were fully certified and extremely effective in teaching students "(P. 187), but now according to the guidelines of NCLB a "highly qualified teacher will have a bachelor's degree, be certified completely, and demonstrate knowledge of the content they teach "(p. 187), taking exams specialized content. Teachers must be able to help children to connect learning to their own experiences and provide opportunities for students to manipulate and utilize resources to maximize academic growth. Art education is a tool used by teachers in each content area to help students connect the content learned to their own personal experiences.
Theories Change
According to Shapiro (2005), a theory of change refers to "the causal processes through which change occurs as a result strategies and action program. "These theories explore the reasoning that leads to the leaders of the program to their inferences about how changes occur. Most theories of change that requires "backward mapping" or identify the results of a program. According to Shapiro (2005), theories purpose of its intervention
Trait theory
The theory features that people are born with a set of inherited characteristics that gives a person sufficient combination of features that are suitable for life, these features also can be measured through the individual's ability to carry out a series of tasks or skills to be effective. This theory originated in the nineteenth century, when Gregor Mendel discovered genes and heredity plays an important role in the features and the feature that an organism possesses. Over the years, researchers focused trying to discover the features wanted for a particular task. In our case, many researchers focused on identifying the characteristics or skills to succeed in art.
In 1950, Myers and Briggs, a mother and daughter team, created a test study to identify the traits of sixteen to believed to be inherited by simply answering a series of questions that are in http://cbae.nmsu.edu/ ~ Dboje/teaching/490_ps1/step_1.htm. In 1974, Stogdill wrote a manual that can identify a number of traits and skills that make a good artist as creativity, diplomacy (the person may have contact with others), intelligent, persuasive, observers, experts, conceptually, knowledgeable, organized, and speaks fluently. A lot of other features were added to this theory based on the model and the organization that implements it. While other researchers as Machiaveli, McGregor, McClelland, Katz, Yukl, Flanagan, Bennis and Boje continue to study and create more models based on inherited traits. While new scientific discoveries in the genes, the characteristics, psychology, and mastery of the chromosomes to create more questions about the theories of existing features. Some of the questions that students have are: 1) A dominant or recessive artistic traits. 2) How scientists can identify a gene of creativity? 3) Can heterozygous genes a person be able to acquire and develop the skills you possess traits or if their genes homozygous? 4) Can you identify the artists with a simple test?
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Dr. Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences in 1983, which suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence based on IQ tests is limited persons, and proposed eight different intelligences on the basis a wider range of human potential in children and adults. Dr. Gardner (1993) says that people who believe very eloquent and logic of our culture and we must entrepreneurs and others who enrich our society. Our society unfortunately does not strengthen the children who have these gifts and labeled as "disabled trained to present their lessons in a variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, internal reflection, and more, "According to Armstrong (1994),
The good news is that the theory of multiple intelligences has grabbed the attention many educators across the country, and hundreds of schools are using their philosophy to redesign the way we educate children. The bad news is that there are thousands of schools are still out there that teach the same way boring old, through dry lectures and boring worksheets and textbooks. The challenge is to While this information will reach many more teachers, school administrators, and others who work with children, so that every child has the opportunity to learn in a harmonious with the mind only.
Theory of Cognitive Development
Based on its long-term research, Piaget considered "Students should not be seen as empty vessels to be filled by experienced teachers, but the most active participants in constructing their own knowledge "(Nagarjuna, 2006). According to Murray (2007), Piaget concluded" that schools should emphasize the decision-making actively to understand the world around them "(Nagarjuna, 2006).
Jean Piaget sees intelligence as a process that helps an organism adapt to their environment and proposes four main periods of cognitive development. The four stages of development described in Piaget's theory are (1) sensorimotor stage, (2) stage freely to the specific age. These time periods are not rigid rules, only approximate values ??for the stages in establishing a birth order from up to 2 years of age, the definition of the sensorimotor stage, where children experience the world through movement and senses and learn object permanence. The pre-operational stage starts from age 2 to 7 years and the child is an acquisition of motor skills. In the concrete operational stage from 7 to 11 years and Children begin to think logically about concrete events that are held in their environment. In the formal operations stage begins after the age of 11 years and is when the child develops abstract reasoning of the world around them.
Vygotsky Cognitive Theory
Vygotsky's theory is an attempt to explain consciousness as the end product of socialization in which children insist that progress is reached. His theories on social play social, and later, at the individual level: first, between people (inter-psychological) and then inside the child (intra-psychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and concept formation. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals (p. 57).
Vygotsky developed a theory of art "dynamic global approach (1) the intentions of the writer was, and the background, (2) the form, content and symbolism literary work, and (3) the reader experience and interpretation of the work "(Lindqvist, 2003). Vygotsky does not refer to art as something spiritual and metaphysical developed societies. Art is an excellent tool to study not only society, but the emotions and psychology. According to Lindqvist (2003), "considered Vygotsky's psychology of art as a theory of social techniques of emotion. His analysis reflects the artistic process. "
Taoism
internal, eternal and the mundane and what seems eternal. The Tao is an infinite loop and end that starts and ends at the same time. To understand the Tao, in the fullness takes 200 lives 100 years each and that would only be able to reach the beginning of a small end, which would be the spiral that reaches all the goals the mind, spirit, psychology and develops in human thought. This can be seen in the translation of Lao Tzu Wu: Tao ching of verse 7:
The sky is long lasting, and Earth. What is the secret of their durability? Not because they do not live for themselves. Can live so long? Therefore, the Sage show how different verses of the Tao are in place for leadership, life and education, for example, verse 17, "The highest type of ruler is one of whose existence the people are barely conscious. Next comes one whom love and praise. Next comes one whom they fear. Next comes one whom they despise and defy "(Wu, 2005, p. 35). However, a book written so long ago that gives us knowledge about how to be leaders in the changing world of 21st century.
According to Astin and Astin (2000), the Tao has no beginning or end, yet evolving with the times, which determines their expression due to age, social group or particular task. Learning Taoism is always oriented to a greater calling for a vision, a goal, a task, proposed the problem awaiting a solution civilization that will guide a group or company to achieve peace, unity and common purpose among its members perfect enough to be used in some art classes in the classroom and for life.
Theory Development
The Elaboration Theory is an extension of the work done previously by Ausubel on advance organizers and Bruner on the spiral curriculum. According to Reigeluth (1992), the theory occurs and then gets louder and louder until all tasks are taught and the objectives are met. Reigeluth (1992) suggests that the lesson begins with a summary from the previous class and end class with a summary of this lesson a day. The theory of development proposes seven major components of the strategy: (1) a processing sequence, (2) learning prerequisite sequences, (3) short, (4) synthesis, (5) analogies, (6) cognitive strategies, and (7) learner control. The theory applies to the development of instructional design for the cognitive domain.
Application for arts education
A teacher is someone who takes your hand, open your mind and touches your heart.
Anonymous
Each theory helps teachers prepare a lesson well developed, including various formats and learning styles. These help to include all students in the class while the teacher gives several tools to improve arts education programs in our school systems.
Those who educate children and should be more honest than the skills and abilities to reach students in schools. The multiple intelligence theory and the theory of the traits of educators help students classify classrooms. Cognitive theories, interpretive theory, and theories of the mapping help educators teach students to think hard and think critically. But education which stops with efficiency may be the greatest threat to society. The most dangerous criminal may be the man gifted with reason, but not moral. "In other words, education is the imparting of knowledge and direct cumulative one who knows someone who is both ignorant. However, Zuk and as an important element of a functioning democracy and offers much more than measure what we do in terms of dollars and cents, or economic performance our investment. "However, according to Holcomb (2007)," As a growing consensus of politicians, educators and parents agree that the arts are an integral part of learning, some districts are seeing a change in policy at local and state levels. In California, education and arts organizations have worked to ensure extraordinary arts budget, in theory, guarantees arts education in all public schools in the state. The money – $ 105 million in ongoing funding, and a one-time $ 500 million for the team starting in the classroom – are a legacy of success in the demand for California Teachers Association's education funding ".
Art education has many benefits for students and the world we live in, so let's use our knowledge of theories we have to improve the skills of students from around the world. As the Indo-European root meaning of art, which is what has been a process deliberate agreement. Art can describe several things: a study of creative skill, a process of using creativity, skill, a product of creative ability, or the audience's experience with creative ability. The visual art is something that stimulates an individual's thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas. Art is an expression realized an idea – it can take many different forms and serve many different purposes.
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About the Author
Maritza M. Conde
Science High School Teacher and Data Specialist
Education:
BS in General Biology 1999
Advance Certificate in K-12 Bilingual Education 2001
M.A. in Curriculum and Technology 2005
EDD in Organizational Leadership 2010
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